§ 7.2.1. General

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The normal functions of properly designed headwalls and endwalls are to anchor the culvert in order to prevent movement due to hydraulic and soil pressures, to control erosion and scour resulting from excessive velocities and turbulence and to prevent adjacent soil from sloughing into the waterway opening. All headwalls shall be constructed of reinforced concrete and may be either straight-parallel, flared or warped. They may or may not require aprons, as determined by site conditions. Headwalls should be aligned with the direction of the receiving flow when discharging into a waterway. Precast headwalls and endwalls may be used if all other criteria are satisfied; generally precast headwalls/endwalls are available for smaller culverts (18 and 24 inches diameter).

                    
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