§ 7.2.2. Conditions at Entrance

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The operating characteristics of a culvert may be completely changed by the shape or condition at the inlet or entrance. Therefore, design of culverts must involve consideration of energy headlosses that may occur at the entrance. Entrance headlosses may be determined by the following equation:
H _e = K _e (V ₂ -V ₁ )/2g (Eq. 7-1)
Where,
H _e = Entrance headloss, feet

V ₂ = Velocity of flow in culvert, ft/sec

V ₁ = Velocity of flow approaching culvert, ft/sec

K _e = Entrance loss coefficient as shown in Table 7-1

g = Acceleration due to gravity

                    
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